This document discusses monophasic liquid dosage sorts, which have factors dissolved in just one stage. It provides samples of inner monophasic liquids like syrups and elixirs, and exterior liquids like gargles and enemas.
Electrokinetic solutions like zeta probable measurement and microscopic Assessment of particle sizing distribution also are explained. Content uniformity screening and guaranteeing redispersibility on shaking are emphasised for control throughout creation.
The doc discusses creams as being a semisolid dosage form that contains drug substances dispersed or dissolved in an appropriate foundation. It defines oil-in-water and drinking water-in-oil creams and presents samples of Just about every.
Accelerated stability screening exposes pharmaceutical solutions to elevated temperatures and humidity to speed up probable degradation reactions. This permits prediction of an item's shelf daily life at ordinary storage conditions determined by Arrhenius kinetics.
This document summarizes information regarding very simple eutectic methods and enzyme catalysis. It initial discusses the direct-silver eutectic procedure, noting that guide and silver are totally miscible in liquid condition but immiscible in good point out, forming a straightforward eutectic procedure. The section diagram reveals the eutectic issue takes place at two.
this ppt is very simple and it has immence importance in Actual physical pharmacy. it's been prepared dependant on the syllabus of WBUT & includes informations of elimentary label...
eleven. Multimolecular adsorption and film formation one. website Hydrated lyophilic colloids (hydrocolloids) supplying a protecting sheath across the droplets imparting a demand on the dispersed droplets (so that they repel one another) swelling to boost the viscosity with the technique (to ensure droplets are not as likely to merge) 2.
This doc defines ointments as semi-solid preparations for software on the pores and skin. It discusses the categories of ointments including medicated and non-medicated.
Deviation from The perfect actions of the emulsion is called instability of emulsion. The slide clearly show particulars of this.
What's more, it explains the variations involving O/W and W/O emulsions and describes detection checks that may read more determine the emulsion style. Last but not least, it offers examples of prevalent emulsifying agents like lecithin, soap, and gum and discusses their properties and makes use of in emulsions.
Aggregation: dispersed particles arrive collectively but usually do not fuse. The major actuality blocking coalescence will be the mechanical toughness of the interfacial film.
3. Emulsion A’. Two immisicble liquids, not emulsified; B’. An emulsion of Phase B dispersed in Stage A; C’. The unstable emulsion progressively separates; D’. The (purple) surfactant positions itself about the interfaces involving Section A and Section B, stabilizing the emulsion An emulsion is usually a thermodynamically unstable system consisting of a minimum of two immiscible liquid phases, certainly one of which can be dispersed as globules in the other liquid phase, stabilized from the existence of the emulsifying agent.
It is usually powerful in preparing an olive oil and lime h2o emulsion, which is self-emulsifying. In the case of lime h2o and olive oil, equivalent areas of lime drinking water and olive oil are additional towards the bottle and shaken.
This document summarizes a number of theories of emulsions: - The monomolecular adsorption theory clarifies how emulsifying agents lower interfacial stress by adsorbing in the oil-water interface to sort monolayer films. Combinations of hydrophilic and hydrophobic emulsifiers will often be utilized to form complex movies.